This isn’t really a tutorial, more like a list of some of the bash commands that I use the most and a very brief description of what I use them for.这是不是一个真正的补习,更像是一个清单的一些庆祝命令,我用的是最和一个非常简短的说明,我使用它们的。
ifconfig
Used to find out your IP address.用来寻找你的IP地址。 (look at wlan0, the line beginning with ‘inet addr’) (看看wlan0 ,该行开始' Inet电子地址' )
[kmurray@radon ~]$ /sbin/ifconfig [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $ / sbin / ifconfig
lo Link encap:Local Loopback罗连封装:本地环回
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 Inet电子地址: 127.0.0.1面膜: 255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host inet6地址: : : 128分之1范围:主机
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1向上回路运行的MTU : 16436公制: 1
RX packets:19266 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0接收的数据包: 19266错误: 0下跌: 0超支: 0画面: 0
TX packets:19266 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0德克萨斯州的数据包: 19266错误: 0下跌: 0超支: 0承运人: 0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0碰撞: 0 txqueuelen : 0
RX bytes:963988 (941.3 KiB) TX bytes:963988 (941.3 KiB)接收字节: 963988 ( 941.3 KiB )德克萨斯州字节: 963988 ( 941.3 KiB )
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1A:73:0F:0E:FD wlan0链路封装:以太网HWaddr 0时零一分答: 73:0传真: 0E :消化不良
inet addr:192.168.1.139 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 Inet电子地址: 192.168.1.139 Bcast : 192.168.1.255遮罩: 255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::21a:73ff:fe0f:efd/64 Scope:Link inet6地址: fe80 : : 51 : 73ff : fe0f : efd/64范围:链接
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1广播向上运行组播的MTU : 1500公制: 1
RX packets:8712 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0接收的数据包: 8712错误: 0下跌: 0超支: 0画面: 0
TX packets:8944 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0德克萨斯州的数据包: 8944错误: 0下跌: 0超支: 0承运人: 0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000碰撞: 0 txqueuelen : 1000
RX bytes:8002586 (7.6 MiB) TX bytes:3113446 (2.9 MiB)接收字节: 8002586 ( 7.6货款)德克萨斯州字节: 3113446 ( 2.9黑冰)
route -n航线正
Used to find the IP address of your default gateway.用来寻找的IP地址,你的默认网关。 (look for the line with a G in the Flags column} (寻找符合一个G的标志栏)
[kmurray@radon ~]$ /sbin/route -n [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $ / sbin /航线正
Kernel IP routing table核心IP路由表
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface目的地网关Genmask旗参使用公制Iface
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 wlan0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 ü 0 0 0 wlan0
0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlan0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0基于UG 0 0 0 wlan0
ip知识产权
I use this one similarly to ifconfig and route.我用这一个类似ifconfig和route 。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ /sbin/ip route [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $ / sbin / IP路由
192.168.1.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.139 192.168.1.0/24开发wlan0原内核源范围联系192.168.1.139
default via 192.168.1.1 dev wlan0 proto static默认通过192.168.1.1开发wlan0原静
[kmurray@radon ~]$ /sbin/ip addr [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $ / sbin / IP协议地址
1: lo: 1 :乐:
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00联系/回环00:00:00:00:00:00脱氧00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo Inet电子127.0.0.1 / 8范围东道国乐
inet6 ::1/128 scope host inet6 : :一百二十八分之一范围东道国
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever valid_lft永远永远preferred_lft
2: eth0: 2 : eth0这个:
link/ether 00:16:d4:ec:25:4b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff联系/醚零点16 : D4类:欧共体: 25:4 b脱氧页:页:页:页:页:页
3: wlan0: 3 : wlan0 :
link/ether 00:1a:73:0f:0e:fd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff联系/醚0时01分在: 73:0传真: 0e :峡湾脱氧页:页:页:页:页:页
inet 192.168.1.139/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global wlan0 Inet电子192.168.1.139/24脱氧192.168.1.255全球范围wlan0
inet6 fe80::21a:73ff:fe0f:efd/64 scope link inet6 fe80 : : 51 : 73ff : fe0f : efd/64范围链接
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever valid_lft永远永远preferred_lft
ping平
Used to test network connectivity.用于测试网络连接。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ ping 192.168.1.1 [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $平192.168.1.1
PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.平192.168.1.1 ( 192.168.1.1 ) 56 ( 84 )字节的数据。
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.23 ms 64字节从192.168.1.1 : icmp_seq = 1的TTL = 64时= 1.23毫秒
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.17 ms 64字节从192.168.1.1 : icmp_seq = 2的TTL = 64时= 1.17毫秒
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.14 ms 64字节从192.168.1.1 : icmp_seq = 3的TTL = 64时= 1.14毫秒
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=1.19 ms 64字节从192.168.1.1 : icmp_seq = 4间隔时间= 64 = 1.19毫秒
^C ^ ç
— 192.168.1.1 ping statistics — -1 92.168.1.1平统计数字-
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3268ms第4包转发, 4收到, 0 %丢包,时间3268ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.149/1.190/1.238/0.032 ms内河码头民/平均/最大/ mdev = 1.149/1.190/1.238/0.032毫秒
traceroute跟踪路由
Another network connectivity tool.另一个网络连接的工具。 This one tells you how many routers you have to go through in order to connect to a particular host.这是告诉你有多少路由器你就必须一直以连接到特定主机。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ traceroute simplehelp.net [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $跟踪路由simplehelp.net
traceroute to simplehelp.net (74.52.95.42), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets跟踪路由到simplehelp.net ( 74.52.95.42 ) , 30啤酒花最大, 60字节的数据包
1 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 1.121 ms 2.010 ms 2.218 ms 1 192.168.1.1 ( 192.168.1.1 ) 1.121毫秒2.010毫秒2.218毫秒
2 24.68.178.1 (24.68.178.1) 25.950 ms * *第2 24.68.178.1 ( 24.68.178.1 ) 25.950毫秒* *
3 * * * 3 * * *
4 * * * 4 * * *
5 rc2bb-pos0-1-5-0.vc.shawcable.net (66.163.77.185) 39.178 ms 128.371 ms 50.787 ms第5 rc2bb - pos0 - 1 - 5 - 0.vc.shawcable.net ( 66.163.77.185 ) 39.178毫秒128.371毫秒50.787毫秒
6 rc2sj-pos6-0-0.cl.shawcable.net (66.163.77.70) 119.703 ms 76.364 ms 88.337 ms 6日rc2sj - pos6 - 0 - 0.cl.shawcable.net ( 66.163.77.70 ) 119.703毫秒76.364毫秒88.337毫秒
7 rc2sj-ge2-0-0.cl.shawcable.net (66.163.67.10) 110.862 ms 55.853 ms * 7日rc2sj - ge2 - 0 - 0.cl.shawcable.net ( 66.163.67.10 ) 110.862毫秒55.853毫秒*
8 * rx0sj-comcast.cl.shawcable.net (66.163.67.110) 61.930 ms 109.439 ms 8 * rx0sj - comcast.cl.shawcable.net ( 66.163.67.110 ) 61.930毫秒109.439毫秒
9 pos-0-8-0-0-cr01.losangeles.ca.ibone.comcast.net (68.86.85.82) 79.587 ms 102.306 ms 81.225 ms第9邮报- 0 - 8 - 0 - 0 - cr01.losangeles.ca.ibone.comcast.net ( 68.86.85.82 ) 79.587毫秒102.306毫秒81.225毫秒
10 pos-0-9-0-0-cr01.dallas.tx.ibone.comcast.net (68.86.85.142) 120.064 ms 125.584 ms 118.207 ms 10个位置- 0 - 9 - 0 - 0 - cr01.dallas.tx.ibone.comcast.net ( 68.86.85.142 )一百二十点零六四毫秒125.584毫秒118.207毫秒
11 68.86.88.50 (68.86.88.50) 107.133 ms 109.350 ms 113.994 ms 11日68.86.88.50 ( 68.86.88.50 ) 107.133毫秒109.350毫秒113.994毫秒
12 te9-1.dsr02.dllstx3.theplanet.com (70.87.253.22) 87.928 ms 87.949 ms te9-1.dsr01.dllstx3.theplanet.com (70.87.253.6) 89.500 ms 12日te9 - 1.dsr02.dllstx3.theplanet.com ( 70.87.253.22 ) 87.928毫秒87.949毫秒te9 - 1.dsr01.dllstx3.theplanet.com ( 70.87.253.6 ) 89.500毫秒
13 76.fd.5746.static.theplanet.com (70.87.253.118) 99.789 ms 97.329 ms 100.789 ms 13 76.fd.5746.static.theplanet.com ( 70.87.253.118 ) 99.789毫秒97.329毫秒100.789毫秒
14 po1.car03.dllstx6.theplanet.com (12.96.160.5) 91.323 ms 91.788 ms po2.car03.dllstx6.theplanet.com (12.96.160.37) 89.571 ms 14 po1.car03.dllstx6.theplanet.com ( 12.96.160.5 ) 91.323毫秒91.788毫秒po2.car03.dllstx6.theplanet.com ( 12.96.160.37 ) 89.571毫秒
15 2a.5f.344a.static.theplanet.com (74.52.95.42) 92.695 ms 92.601 ms 91.871 ms 15 2a.5f.344a.static.theplanet.com ( 74.52.95.42 ) 92.695毫秒92.601毫秒91.871毫秒
host主人
Used to look up the IP address of a fully qualified domain name.用仰视的IP地址完全合格的域名。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ host simplehelp.net [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $东道国simplehelp.net
simplehelp.net has address 74.52.95.42 simplehelp.net已解决74.52.95.42
simplehelp.net mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com. simplehelp.net邮件是由10个aspmx.l.google.com 。
dig挖
A more advanced DNS query tool.更先进的DNS查询工具。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ dig simplehelp.net a [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $挖simplehelp.net 1
; <<>> DiG 9.5.0-P2 <<>> simplehelp.net a ; “ ” “ ”挖9.5.0 -的P2 “ ” “ ” simplehelp.net 1
;; global options: printcmd ; ;全球选择: printcmd
;; Got answer: ; ;获得答案:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 25242 ; ; -> “ ”头“ ” -操作码:查询,状态:N O ERROR,编号:2 5 242
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ; ;旗帜:二维路岭;查询: 1 ,回答: 1 ,权威性: 0 ,附加: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION: ; ;问题区段:
;simplehelp.net. ; simplehelp.net 。 IN A中
;; ANSWER SECTION: ; ;答题科:
simplehelp.net. simplehelp.net 。 86238 IN A 74.52.95.42 86238中74.52.95.42
;; Query time: 1 msec ; ;查询时间: 1毫秒
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1) ; ;服务器: 192.168.1.1 # 53 ( 192.168.1.1 )
;; WHEN: Fri Oct 31 20:21:49 2008 ; ;时间:周五10月31日20时21分49秒2008年
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 48 ; ;味精大小rcvd : 48
This shows that the IP address of the server where simplehelp.net resides is 74.52.95.42.这表明, IP地址的服务器simplehelp.net居住的是74.52.95.42 。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ dig simplehelp.net mx [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $挖simplehelp.net的MX
; <<>> DiG 9.5.0-P2 <<>> simplehelp.net mx ; “ ” “ ”挖9.5.0 -的P2 “ ” “ ” simplehelp.net的MX
;; global options: printcmd ; ;全球选择: printcmd
;; Got answer: ; ;获得答案:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 17277 ; ; -> “ ”头“ ” -操作码:查询,状态:N O ERROR,编号:1 7 277
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 2 ; ;旗帜:二维路岭;查询: 1 ,回答: 1 ,权威性: 0 ,附加: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION: ; ;问题区段:
;simplehelp.net. ; simplehelp.net 。 IN MX中的MX
;; ANSWER SECTION: ; ;答题科:
simplehelp.net. simplehelp.net 。 86317 IN MX 10 aspmx.l.google.com. 86317中的MX 10个aspmx.l.google.com 。
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ; ;附加区段:
aspmx.l.google.com. aspmx.l.google.com 。 180 IN A 209.85.199.27 180中209.85.199.27
aspmx.l.google.com. aspmx.l.google.com 。 180 IN A 209.85.199.114 180中的209.85.199.114
;; Query time: 40 msec ; ;查询时间: 40毫秒
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1) ; ;服务器: 192.168.1.1 # 53 ( 192.168.1.1 )
;; WHEN: Fri Oct 31 20:21:51 2008 ; ;时间:周五10月31日20时21分51秒2008年
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 98 ; ;味精大小rcvd : 98
This shows that mail for simplehelp.net is managed by aspmx.l.google.com and that aspmx.l.google.com has two IP addresses, 209.85.199.27 and 209.85.199.114.这表明,电子邮件simplehelp.net是由aspmx.l.google.com和aspmx.l.google.com有两个IP地址, 209.85.199.27和209.85.199.114 。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ dig simplehelp.net ns [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $挖simplehelp.net纳秒
; <<>> DiG 9.5.0-P2 <<>> simplehelp.net ns ; “ ” “ ”挖9.5.0 -的P2 “ ” “ ” simplehelp.net纳秒
;; global options: printcmd ; ;全球选择: printcmd
;; Got answer: ; ;获得答案:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 62957 ; ; -> “ ”头“ ” -操作码:查询,状态:N O ERROR,编号:6 2 957
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 8 ; ;旗帜:二维路岭;查询: 1 ,回答: 2 ,权威性: 0 ,附加: 8
;; QUESTION SECTION: ; ;问题区段:
;simplehelp.net. ; simplehelp.net 。 IN NS在生理盐水
;; ANSWER SECTION: ; ;答题科:
simplehelp.net. simplehelp.net 。 70617 IN NS ns1.theplanet.com. 70617的生理盐水ns1.theplanet.com 。
simplehelp.net. simplehelp.net 。 70617 IN NS ns2.theplanet.com. 70617的生理盐水ns2.theplanet.com 。
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ; ;附加区段:
ns1.theplanet.com. ns1.theplanet.com 。 172785 IN A 70.86.61.133 172785中70.86.61.133
ns2.theplanet.com. ns2.theplanet.com 。 172785 IN A 70.86.61.135 172785中70.86.61.135
ns1.theplanet.com. ns1.theplanet.com 。 172785 IN A 70.86.61.134 172785中70.86.61.134
ns2.theplanet.com. ns2.theplanet.com 。 172785 IN A 70.87.7.73 172785中70.87.7.73
ns1.theplanet.com. ns1.theplanet.com 。 172785 IN A 70.87.7.71 172785中70.87.7.71
ns1.theplanet.com. ns1.theplanet.com 。 172785 IN A 70.87.7.70 172785中70.87.7.70
ns2.theplanet.com. ns2.theplanet.com 。 172785 IN A 70.86.61.136 172785中70.86.61.136
ns2.theplanet.com. ns2.theplanet.com 。 172785 IN A 70.87.7.72 172785中70.87.7.72
;; Query time: 33 msec ; ;查询时间: 33毫秒
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1) ; ;服务器: 192.168.1.1 # 53 ( 192.168.1.1 )
;; WHEN: Fri Oct 31 20:21:55 2008 ; ;时间:周五10月31日20时21分55秒2008年
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 209 ; ;味精大小rcvd : 209
This shows that DNS for simplehelp.net is handled by ns1.theplanet.com and ns2.theplanet.com.这表明, DNS进行simplehelp.net是由ns1.theplanet.com和ns2.theplanet.com 。 It also shows that these nameservers have multiple IP addresses.它还表明,这些服务器有多个IP地址。
iwlist
Get information from a wireless interface.获取信息的无线接口。 (this one needs to be run as root) (这是需要运行根)
[root@radon ~]# iwlist wlan0 scan [根@氡〜 ] # iwlist wlan0扫描
wlan0 Scan completed : wlan0扫描完成:
Cell 01 - Address: 00:10:18:90:20:DB细胞01 -地址: 0 0:10:18:90:20:数据库
ESSID:”Coffee” ESSID : “咖啡”
Mode:Master模式:硕士
Channel:6通道: 6
Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)频率: 2.437千兆赫(频道6 )
Quality=96/100 Signal level:-37 dBm Noise level=-70 dBm质量= 100分之96信号级别: -37 dBm的噪声水平=- 70 dBm的
Encryption key:off加密密钥:关闭
Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s比特率: 1 Mb / s的2 Mb / s的; 5.5 Mb / s的11 Mb / s的6 Mb / s的
9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s第9 Mb / s的12 Mb / s的; 18 Mb / s的; 24 Mb / s的; 36 Mb / s的
48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s 48 Mb / s的; 54 Mb / s的
Extra:tsf=0000017f91cc818a特:支助机制= 0000017f91cc818a
Extra: Last beacon: 19ms ago特:最后的灯塔: 19ms前
Cell 02 - Address: 00:11:50:6E:BC:3A细胞02 -地址: 0 0:11:50:6电子邮件:公元前: 3 A条
ESSID:”Belkin Traveler” ESSID : “贝尔旅行者”
Mode:Master模式:硕士
Channel:1通道: 1
Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)频率: 2.412千兆赫(频道1 )
Quality=88/100 Signal level:-44 dBm Noise level=-70 dBm质量=百分之八十八信号级别: -44 dBm的噪声水平=- 70 dBm的
Encryption key:off加密密钥:关闭
Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s比特率: 1 Mb / s的2 Mb / s的; 5.5 Mb / s的11 Mb / s的6 Mb / s的
12 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s 12 Mb / s的; 24 Mb / s的; 36 Mb / s的9 Mb / s的; 18 Mb / s的
48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s 48 Mb / s的; 54 Mb / s的
Extra:tsf=0000017f13571181特:支助机制= 0000017f13571181
Extra: Last beacon: 601ms ago特:最后的灯塔: 601ms前
Cell 03 - Address: 00:17:9A:9C:14:28细胞03 -地址: 0点一十七分0 9秒答: 9 C条: 1 4:28
ESSID:”Abby” ESSID : “艾比”
Mode:Master模式:硕士
Channel:6通道: 6
Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)频率: 2.437千兆赫(频道6 )
Quality=50/100 Signal level:-79 dBm Noise level=-70 dBm质量= 50/100信号级别: -79 dBm的噪声水平=- 70 dBm的
Encryption key:off加密密钥:关闭
Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s比特率: 1 Mb / s的2 Mb / s的; 5.5 Mb / s的11 Mb / s的6 Mb / s的
9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s第9 Mb / s的12 Mb / s的; 18 Mb / s的; 24 Mb / s的; 36 Mb / s的
48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s 48 Mb / s的; 54 Mb / s的
Extra:tsf=00000000cbe364d6特:支助机制= 00000000cbe364d6
Extra: Last beacon: 272ms ago特:最后的灯塔: 272ms前
Cell 04 - Address: 00:18:D1:A8:E8:1A细胞04 -地址: 0 0:18: D 1类:答8 : E 8: 1 A款
ESSID:”Gigaset815″ ESSID : “ Gigaset815 ”
Mode:Master模式:硕士
Channel:4频道: 4
Frequency:2.427 GHz (Channel 4)频率: 2.427千兆赫( 4频道)
Quality=45/100 Signal level:-83 dBm Noise level=-70 dBm质量= 100分之45信号级别: -83 dBm的噪声水平=- 70 dBm的
Encryption key:on加密密钥:关于
IE: WPA Version 1即:第1版的WPA
Group Cipher : TKIP组密码: TKIP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : TKIP配对密码( 1 ) : TKIP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK验证套房( 1 ) :云芝多糖
Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 22 Mb/s比特率: 1 Mb / s的2 Mb / s的; 5.5 Mb / s的11 Mb / s的22 Mb / s的
6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s第6 Mb / s的9 Mb / s的12 Mb / s的; 18 Mb / s的; 24 Mb / s的
36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s 36 Mb / s的48 Mb / s的; 54 Mb / s的
Extra:tsf=0000015633a50e12特:支助机制= 0000015633a50e12
Extra: Last beacon: 571ms ago特:最后的灯塔: 571ms前
This shows that my computer currently sees four different wireless networks in the area along with their names, channels, signal strength, and whether or not they are encrypted or open.这表明,目前我的电脑看到四种不同的无线网络在该地区连同他们的名字,渠道,信号强度,以及它们是否有加密或开放。
iwconfig
Like ifconfig, but for information about your wireless settings. ifconfig一样,但对信息的无线设置。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ /sbin/iwconfig [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $ / sbin / iwconfig
lo no wireless extensions.罗没有无线扩展。
eth0 no wireless extensions. eth0这个没有无线扩展。
wlan0 IEEE 802.11bg ESSID:”Coffee” wlan0的IEEE 802.11bg ESSID : “咖啡”
Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz Access Point: 00:10:18:90:20:DB模式:管理频率: 2.437千兆赫无线接入点: 00:10:18:90:20 :数据库
Bit Rate=54 Mb/s Tx-Power=27 dBm码率= 54 Mb / s的发射功率= 27 dBm的
Retry min limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr=2352 B试敏限制: 7即时战略线程:线程关闭片段= 2352乙
Link Quality=96/100 Signal level:-37 dBm Noise level=-70 dBm链路质量= 100分之96信号级别: -37 dBm的噪声水平=- 70 dBm的
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0接收无效nwid : 0接收无效隐窝: 0接收无效的片段: 0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0发送过多的尝试: 0无效的杂项: 0漏诊灯塔: 0
This shows that I’m currently connected to a wireless network called Coffee at 54 Mb/s and the signal strength is very good at 96%.这表明,目前我连接到一个无线网络所谓的咖啡在54 Mb / s和信号强度非常好,至96 % 。
free自由的
How much memory and swap space is used/free.多少内存和交换空间是用来/免费的。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ free -m [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $免费米
total used free shared buffers cached共免费使用共享缓冲区缓存
Mem: 2017 1659 357 0 42 1078记忆: 2017年1659 357 0 42 1078
-/+ buffers/cache: 538 1478 -/ +缓冲器/高速缓存: 5 381 478
Swap: 1983 0 1983互换: 1983年0 1983年
mount芒特
Without any parameters, used to display mounted filesystems.没有任何参数,用来显示安装文件。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ mount [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $贴装
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 on / type ext3 (rw,noatime) / dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00上/类型ext3 (权限, noatime )
proc on /proc type proc (rw)关于处理/处理输入处理(读写)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)关于sysfs /系统类型sysfs (读写)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) devpts上的/ dev /分型devpts (权限,代表处= 5 ,模式= 620 )
/dev/sda2 on /boot type ext3 (rw,noatime) / dev/sda2上/启动类型ext3 (权限, noatime )
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) tmpfs上的/ dev / shm类型tmpfs (读写)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)无/进程/系统/财政司司长/ binfmt_misc类型binfmt_misc (读写)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) sunrpc的是/ var / lib / NFS的/ rpc_pipefs类型rpc_pipefs (读写)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) fusectl上/系统/财政司司长/保险丝/连接型fusectl (读写)
gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/kmurray/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon(rw,nosuid,nodev,user=kmurray) gvfs ,保险丝,守护在/家庭/ kmurray / .gvfs类型fuse.gvfs ,保险丝,守护进程(权限, nosuid , nodev ,用户= kmurray )
/dev/sda1 on /media/disk type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096) / dev/sda1上/媒体/磁盘式fuseblk (权限, nosuid , nodev , allow_other , blksize = 4096 )
The interesting lines above are the ones indicating /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 on /, /dev/sda2 on /boot, and /dev/sda1 on /media/disk.有趣线以上的那些说明/ dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00上/ , / dev/sda2上/启动和/ dev/sda1上/媒体/磁盘。
df自由度
Show disk space usage.查看磁盘空间的使用。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ df -h [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $自由度小时
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on文件大小使用使用利用安装在%
/dev/sda2 190M 19M 162M 11% /boot / dev/sda2 190M分钟162M 11 % /开机
tmpfs 1009M 1.1M 1008M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 1009M 110 1008M 1 %的/ dev / shm
gvfs-fuse-daemon 60G 44G 16G 74% /home/kmurray/.gvfs gvfs ,保险丝,守护60克44G 16G 74 % /家庭/ kmurray / .gvfs
/dev/sda1 31G 29G 2.5G 93% /media/disk / dev/sda1 31G 29G款的2.5G 93 % /媒体/磁盘
This shows that /dev/sda1 is almost full at 93%.这表明, / dev/sda1几乎是全部在93 % 。 Time to delete some files or upgrade the disk.时间删除一些文件或升级的磁盘。
du杜
Show disk space usage in a directory.查看磁盘空间的使用目录中。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ du -hc Documents/N95/tutorials/ [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $迪慧聪Documents/N95/tutorials /
380K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/bluetooth gps 410 Documents/N95/tutorials/done/bluetooth全球定位系统
480K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/putty fonts 480K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/putty字体
1.4M Documents/N95/tutorials/done/gparted 140万Documents/N95/tutorials/done/gparted
1.1M Documents/N95/tutorials/done/remote filesystem gnome 110 Documents/N95/tutorials/done/remote文件金言
1.4M Documents/N95/tutorials/done/gnome keyboard shortcuts 140万Documents/N95/tutorials/done/gnome键盘快捷键
2.1M Documents/N95/tutorials/done/download helper 210万Documents/N95/tutorials/done/download帮手
992K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/mconnection 992K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/mconnection
1008K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/snap links 1008K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/snap链接
5.0M Documents/N95/tutorials/done/watermark gimp 5.0M Documents/N95/tutorials/done/watermark瘸子
1.2M Documents/N95/tutorials/done/gnome disk usage 120 Documents/N95/tutorials/done/gnome磁盘使用率
208K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/enhanced calculator 208K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/enhanced计算器
544K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/putty/orig 544K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/putty/orig
964K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/putty 964K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/putty
848K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/wifi ap 848K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/wifi电
1.4M Documents/N95/tutorials/done/imap gmail 140万Documents/N95/tutorials/done/imap的Gmail
872K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/unsigned apps 872K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/unsigned应用
884K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/taskman 884K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/taskman
1.1M Documents/N95/tutorials/done/downthemall 110 Documents/N95/tutorials/done/downthemall
916K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/tethering bt 916K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/tethering胜
432K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/install apps wifi http 432K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/install无线应用协议
924K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/tethering usb 924K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/tethering USB接口
320K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/install stuff via bluetooth 320K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/install的东西通过蓝牙
416K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/smb4s60 416K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/smb4s60
1.1M Documents/N95/tutorials/done/download statusbar 110 Documents/N95/tutorials/done/download状态
308K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/install stuff via usb 308K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/install的东西通过USB
828K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/nokia step counter 828K Documents/N95/tutorials/done/nokia步
4.3M Documents/N95/tutorials/todo 4.3M Documents/N95/tutorials/todo
52M Documents/N95/tutorials/ 52 Documents/N95/tutorials /
52M total共有52
This shows that my N95 tutorials directory is using a total of 52M and the breakdown of each directory’s size.这表明,我国N95型教程目录是使用共52分和每个目录的大小。
head头
Display the first few lines of a file.显示前几行的文件。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ head /var/log/yum.log [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $头部到/ var /日志/ yum.log
Jun 13 22:30:33 Installed: bash-completion-20060301-10.noarch 6月13日22时三十分三十三秒安装:庆祝完成- 20060301 - 10.noarch
Jun 13 22:31:31 Installed: yum-downloadonly-1.1.13-2.fc9.noarch 6月13日22时31分31秒安装:荫downloadonly - 1.1.13 - 2.fc9.noarch
Jun 14 06:20:11 Installed: swfdec-0.6.6-1.fc9.i386 6月14日6时20分11秒安装: swfdec - 0.6.6 - 1.fc9.i386
Jun 14 06:20:13 Installed: swfdec-gtk-0.6.6-1.fc9.i386 6月14日6点20分十三秒安装: swfdec ,基于GTK - 0.6.6 - 1.fc9.i386
Jun 14 06:20:14 Installed: swfdec-mozilla-0.6.0-1.fc9.i386 6月14日六时20分14秒安装: swfdec - Mozilla的0.6.0 - 1.fc9.i386
Jun 14 06:34:41 Updated: libxml2-2.6.32-2.fc9.i386 6月14日6时34分41秒更新: libxml2 - 2.6.32 - 2.fc9.i386
Jun 14 06:34:41 Updated: dbus-glib-0.74-8.fc9.i386 6月14日6时34分41秒更新: dbus -巧舌如簧- 0.74 - 8.fc9.i386
Jun 14 06:34:42 Updated: libselinux-2.0.64-2.fc9.i386 6月14日6时34分四十二秒更新: libselinux - 2.0.64 - 2.fc9.i386
Jun 14 06:34:43 Updated: e2fsprogs-libs-1.40.8-3.fc9.i386 6月14日6时34分43秒更新: e2fsprogs -库- 1.40.8 - 3.fc9.i386
Jun 14 06:34:43 Updated: audit-libs-1.7.4-1.fc9.i386 6月14日6时34分43秒更新:审计库- 1.7.4 - 1.fc9.i386
By default, head displays the first 10 lines. head -20 /var/log/yum.log would show the first 20 lines.默认情况下,头部显示前10行。 头-20到/ var /日志/ yum.log将显示的前20行。 You can use any arbitrary number.您可以使用任意号码。
tail尾巴
Display the last few lines of a file.显示最后几行的文件。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ tail /var/log/yum.log [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $尾巴是/ var /日志/ yum.log
Oct 30 23:19:56 Updated: 6:kdebase-libs-4.1.2-5.fc9.i386 10月30日23点19分56秒更新: 6 : kdebase -库- 4.1.2 - 5.fc9.i386
Oct 30 23:19:57 Updated: 6:kdemultimedia-libs-4.1.2-2.fc9.i386 10月30日23时19分57秒更新: 6 : kdemultimedia ,库- 4.1.2 - 2.fc9.i386
Oct 30 23:19:57 Updated: ksysguardd-4.1.2-6.fc9.i386 10月30日23时19分57秒更新: ksysguardd - 4.1.2 - 6.fc9.i386
Oct 30 23:19:58 Updated: phonon-backend-xine-4.1.2-5.fc9.i386 10月30日23时19分58秒更新:声,后端- xine - 4.1.2 - 5.fc9.i386
Oct 30 23:20:08 Updated: kdebase-runtime-4.1.2-5.fc9.i386 10月30日23时20分○八秒更新: kdebase ,运行- 4.1.2 - 5.fc9.i386
Oct 30 23:20:11 Updated: kdebase-workspace-libs-4.1.2-6.fc9.i386 10月30日23点二十〇分11秒更新: kdebase -工作,库- 4.1.2 - 6.fc9.i386
Oct 30 23:20:21 Updated: kdebase-workspace-4.1.2-6.fc9.i386 10月30日23点20分21秒更新: kdebase ,工作- 4.1.2 - 6.fc9.i386
Oct 30 23:20:27 Updated: 6:kdebase-4.1.2-5.fc9.i386 10月30日23点20分二十七秒更新: 6 : kdebase - 4.1.2 - 5.fc9.i386
Oct 30 23:20:39 Installed: kdebase-runtime-libs-4.1.2-5.fc9.i386 10月30日23时20分三十九秒安装: kdebase ,运行时,库- 4.1.2 - 5.fc9.i386
Oct 30 23:20:42 Updated: 6:kdemultimedia-4.1.2-2.fc9.i386 10月30日23时20分42秒更新: 6 : kdemultimedia - 4.1.2 - 2.fc9.i386
By default, tail displays the last 10 lines. tail -30 /var/log/yum.log would show the last 30 lines.默认情况下,尾部显示在过去的10线。 尾巴-30到/ var /日志/ yum.log将显示在过去30线。 You can use any arbitrary number.您可以使用任意号码。
grep
Search for a specific string within a file.搜寻特定字串内的一个文件。 (use zgrep to search a gzipped file) (使用zgrep搜寻gzip压缩文件)
[kmurray@radon ~]$ grep firefox /var/log/yum.log [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $ grep浏览器是/ var /日志/ yum.log
Jun 19 16:19:33 Updated: firefox-3.0-1.fc9.i386 6月19日16点19分33秒更新: Firefox的3.0 1.fc9.i386
Jul 24 04:48:06 Updated: firefox-3.0.1-1.fc9.i386 7月24日4时48分06秒更新: Firefox的3.0.1 - 1.fc9.i386
Oct 18 03:13:52 Updated: firefox-3.0.2-1.fc9.i386 10月18 3时13分52秒更新: Firefox的3.0.2 - 1.fc9.i386
This shows that “firefox” is listed three times in this file.这表明, “火狐”的上市三次在此文件中。
type类型
Determine which directory a command is in.确定哪些目录命令是个
[kmurray@radon ~]$ type ping [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $键入ping
ping is hashed (/bin/ping)平是哈希( /斌/平)
Ahh, so ping lives in /bin.稀释,使生活在平/本。
locate找到
Locate any arbitrary file on the filesystem.找到任意文件的文件。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ locate *.rpm [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $找到*.转速
/home/kmurray/Download/VirtualBox-2.0.2_36488_fedora9-1.i386.rpm / home/kmurray/Download/VirtualBox-2.0.2_36488_fedora9-1.i386.rpm
/home/kmurray/Download/VirtualBox-2.0.4_38406_fedora9-1.i386.rpm / home/kmurray/Download/VirtualBox-2.0.4_38406_fedora9-1.i386.rpm
/home/kmurray/Download/skype-2.0.0.72-fc5.i586.rpm / home/kmurray/Download/skype-2.0.0.72-fc5.i586.rpm
/home/kmurray/Download/synaptics-0.14.6-8.fc9.i386.rpm / home/kmurray/Download/synaptics-0.14.6-8.fc9.i386.rpm
I have four rpm files on this computer, all of them in /home/kmurray/Download.我有4个转档案在这台电脑上,它们都在/ home / kmurray /下载。
file文件
Determine what type a file is.确定哪些类型文件。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ file /bin/ping [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $文件/斌/平
/bin/ping: setuid ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.9, stripped /斌/平: setuid埃尔夫32位元可执行LSB标准,英特尔80386 ,版本1 ( SYSV ) ,动态链接(使用共享库) ,为GNU / Linux的2.6.9 ,剥夺
ping is a binary file. 平是一个二进制文件。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ file Mythbusters.S02E04.flv [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $文件Mythbusters.S02E04.flv
Mythbusters.flv: Macromedia Flash Video Mythbusters.flv : Macromedia Flash的视频
Mythbusters.S02E04.flv is a video. Mythbusters.S02E04.flv是一个视频。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ file /var/log/yum.log [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $文件是/ var /日志/ yum.log
/var/log/yum.log: ASCII text是/ var /日志/ yum.log : ASCII文本
/var/log/yum.log is a plain text file. 是/ var /日志/ yum.log是一个纯文本文件。
history历史
Shows what commands you have been running on the command line.显示命令你一直运行于命令行。
[kmurray@radon ~]$ history [ kmurray @氡〜 ] $历史
991 du -hc Documents/N95/tutorials/ 991杜慧聪Documents/N95/tutorials /
992 ls /var/log/messages 992最小二乘到/ var /日志/讯息
993 tail /var/log/messages 993尾到/ var /日志/讯息
994 ls最小二乘994
995 ls /var/log/ 995最小二乘到/ var /日志/
996 ls -lh /var/log/ 996扫描仪LS -激素是/ var /日志/
997 tail /var/log/yum.log 997尾到/ var /日志/ yum.log
998 head /var/log/yum.log 998头到/ var /日志/ yum.log
999 grep firefox /var/log/yum.log 999 grep浏览到/ var /日志/ yum.log
1000 sudo su - 1000须藤秀-
1001 cd src/ 1001年裁谈会源/
1002 ls 1002年最小二乘
1003 tar -xvzf TrueCrypt\ 6.1\ Source.tar.gz 1003焦油xvzf TrueCrypt \ 6.1 \ Source.tar.gz
1004 cd truecrypt-6.1-source/ 1004年裁谈会truecrypt - 6.1 -源/
1005 ls 1005年最小二乘
1006 less Readme.txt 1006年少Readme.txt
1007 make 1007年作
1008 less Readme.txt 1008年少Readme.txt
1009 make 1009使
1010 make 1010使
1011 cd 1011年裁谈会
1012 cd .VirtualBox/VDI/ 1012裁谈会.VirtualBox /德国施/
1013 ls 1013年最小二乘
1014 cat RawUSBsdb.vdi 1014年猫RawUSBsdb.vdi
1015 mv RawUSBsdb.vdi RawUSBsdb1G.vdi 1015电位RawUSBsdb.vdi RawUSBsdb1G.vdi
1016 cp RawUSBsdb1G.vdi RawUSBsdb2G.vdi 1016年蛋白RawUSBsdb1G.vdi RawUSBsdb2G.vdi
1017 vim RawUSBsdb2G.vdi 1017答卷RawUSBsdb2G.vdi
1018 rm RawUSBsdb2G.vdi 1018年视频RawUSBsdb2G.vdi
1019 pwd 1019密码
1020 VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename /home/kmurray/.VirtualBox 10时20分VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk ,文件名/家庭/ kmurray / .VirtualBox
1021 cat RawUSBsdb2G.vdi 1021猫RawUSBsdb2G.vdi
1022 cd 1022光盘
In order to discover which commands I use most so I could write this list, I used a combination of five different commands all piped together:为了发现这些命令我使用最多,所以我可以写这个清单,我用相结合的五个不同的命令,所有的管道一起:
history | awk {’print $2′} | sort | uniq | less 历史| awk ( '打印200 ' ) |分类| uniq |少
awk {’print $2′} causes only the second column of the output to be displayed, sort puts everything in alphabetical order, uniq cuts out all the duplicates, and less causes the output to be displayed one screen at a time. awk ( '打印200 ' )原因只有第二列的输出显示,排序使一切按字母顺序排列, uniq削减所有的重复,而较少的原因输出到显示屏幕上一个时间。
If you have any favourite bash commands that you would like to share, please tell us about them in the comments below.如果您有任何喜爱的庆祝命令,你想与大家分享,请告诉我们他们的意见如下。






















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